1^st Stage: Preproduction

2^nd Stage: Early Production

3^rd Stage: Speech Emergence

4^th Stage: Intermediate Fluency

Characteristics

·    10 hours to 6 months exposure to English

·    language skill – listening (receptive level

·    BICS development

English Vocabulary  - 500 receptive words

Characteristics

§      3-6 months to 1 year of English

§      language skill –continued listening mainly

§      BICS development

§      English Vocabulary  -1,000 receptive words (10% is expressive.)

Characteristics

§       1 to 3 years of English

§      Student speaks in phrases and  short sentences

§      BICS development

§      English Vocabulary  - 7,000 receptive words     (10% is expressive)

Characteristics

§           3 to 4 years of English

§          Student engages in dialogue.

§          CALP development

§          English Vocabulary  - 12,000 receptive words  (10% is expressive.)

Sample Student Behaviors

§    “Silent Period”

§    Points to or provides other non-verbal response

§    Responds to commands

Sample Student Behaviors

§          One-word responses

§          Short Utterances

Sample Student Behaviors

§       Participates in small group activities

§      Demonstrates comprehension in a variety of ways

Sample Student Behaviors

§       Participates in reading and writing activities to  acquire new information

Sample Teacher Behaviors

§    Gestures

§    Language focuses on conveying meanings and vocabulary development

§    Repetition

Sample Teacher Behaviors

·    Asks questions that can be answered by yes/no and either/or response

·    Models correct responses

Sample Teacher Behaviors

§      Focuses content on key concepts

§      Provides frequent  comprehension checks

§      Uses expanded vocabulary

§      Uses performance-based assessment

§      Asks open-ended questions that stimulate language production

Sample Teacher Behaviors

§    Fosters conceptual development and expanded literacy through content

Teaching Strategies

§    90% teacher talk

§    Total Physical Response  (TPR)

§    Modeling

§    Active student involvement

§    Use of pictures

§    Use of realia (concrete  items)

§    Simplified language

Teaching Strategies

·       50-60% teacher talk

·       TPR with responses –

·       Verbal and non-verbal

·       Who, what, where, and

·       either/or questions

·       Role playing

·       Completing Sentences

Teaching Strategies

§           40% teacher talk

§           Scaffolding and expansion

§           Poetry, songs, chants

§           Predicting

§           Comparing

§           Describing

§           Social interaction (cooperative learning with information gaps

§           How and why questions

§           Problem Solving

§           Group discussion

§           Labeling

§           Listing, charting, graphing

Teaching Strategies

·10% teacher talk

·Essay writing

·Analyzing charts and graphs

·More complex problem solving and evaluating

·Continued with how and why questions – research and support

·Pre-writing activities – writing process, peer critiquing, etc.

·  Literary analysis